Longitudinal Examination of Newcomer-Serving Social Enterprises

Employment Social Enterprises (ESEs) or Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) are social enterprises often used by organizations to assist vulnerable groups to re-enter the job market. This is often accomplished through the provision of various employment skills and career pathways. This project examines the capability of social enterprises to accomplish their objective to foster the employment progress of immigrant, BIPOC, and racialized Canadians.

Project Information

What is the LENS project?

Longitudinal Examination of Newcomer-serving Social Enterprises (LENS) is a research study that focuses on ESEs or WISEs and the impact they have on newcomer and BIPOC populations in overcoming socioeconomic barriers. In partnership with the University of Michigan, The Immigrant Education Society’s (TIES) Research & Program Development team will seek to identify the characteristics of social enterprises serving immigrant and BIPOC communities. We will also assess the extent to which social enterprises, including WISEs, assist immigrant, Black and other racialized Canadians to overcome socioeconomic barriers and help determine if social enterprises are appropriate providers to assist these underrepresented groups.

What are the aims of LENS?

LENS aims to:

• Create a strong evidence base on the effectiveness of social enterprises, including WISE, in supporting social and labour market integration for Black and racialized persons.
• Estimate the quantitative and qualitative impacts of social enterprise and WISE interventions on participants' immediate, medium and long-term social and labour market outcomes.
• Strengthen partnerships between researchers and WISE practitioners.
• Increase the impacts of WISE organizations in serving immigrants and BIPOC communities with the tools provided by the proposed project.  

Why is this important?

Social enterprises engage people in multiple ways, unlike the more confined employee and client relationships in a traditional business. An individual may have multiple, intersecting connections to a social enterprise, as a member, trainee, employee, client, or volunteer. Social enterprises in Alberta have an average of 68 individual members and 22 organizational memberships (Elson et al., 2015).  

WISEs are a common sub-category of social enterprises that have “a social mission to directly support vulnerable community members who are facing exclusion from the labour market” (Canadian Community Economic Development Network, 2022, p. 2), such as “those with intellectual or physical disabilities and other disadvantaged groups, including the long-term unemployed, back into the labour market and society through a productive activity” (Cooney et al., 2022, p. 3). They are often employed by human service organizations to help vulnerable groups gain access to the labour market by providing them with various employment skills and opportunities. WISEs targeting Black and racialized communities have a pivotal role in fortifying communities as they promote fuller integration of its members, socially and economically.

The LENS project represents a vital step forward in understanding and optimizing the role of WISEs in supporting Canada's racialized communities. By generating a robust evidence base and fostering collaborative partnerships, the project aims to drive meaningful, long-lasting change for some of Canada's most vulnerable populations. Many emerging initiatives across Canada are actively developing WISE to cater to immigrant communities. These various projects, however, are in the early stages of implementation, with best practices yet to be established and approaches requiring further optimization. Therefore, many could benefit from a broad base longitudinal analysis and evaluation to identify strategies and practices that can ensure their effectiveness and positive impact.

Research Overview

Methods

Data Collection

Conduct a literature review to establish general criteria for describing and evaluating WISE.

Conduct an environmental scan to identify characteristics of WISE targeting and assisting Black and racialized groups in overcoming socioeconomic barriers.

Deploy online survey to:

• Identify and understand the experiences of participants who have had the greatest success.
• Identify key characteristics of programs these successful participants benefited from.
• Identify/articulate best practices of WISEs.

Conduct semi-structured interviews with the employees of at least one identified WISE in Alberta over two years.  

• Measure how much this experience has changed their lives over time, including but not limited to: increasing income; increased attachment to the labour market; improved health; and other socioeconomic outcomes.  

Development of Toolkit

Compile a comprehensive guidebook that highlights the best practices, challenges faced, and solutions derived from the study. The toolkit will serve as a reference for both existing and emerging WISEs.

References

Canadian Community Economic Development Network. (2022). Alleviating homelessness: Quasi-experimental study. https://ccednet-rcdec.ca/sites/ccednet-rcdec.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CCEDNet-WISE-Final-Report.pdf    

Cooney, K., Nyssens, M., & O’Shaughnessy, M. (2022). Work integration and social enterprises. UNTFSSE Knowledge Hub. https://knowledgehub.unsse.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Encylopedia-Knowledge_Hub_IY_25_EE.pdf  

Elson, P., Hall, P., Sarah Leeson-Klym, Penner, D., & Andres, J. (2015). Social Enterprises in the Canadian West. Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, 6(1), 83-103. https://www.sfu.ca/~pvhall/pdfs/194-1114-1-PB.pdf